Botox is the brand name for onabotulinumtoxin-A, a neurotoxin derived from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.  This toxin has been used in the cosmetic industry since approved by the FDA in 2001. It works by blocking nerve impulses which trigger hyperactive muscle contractions. It is used cosmetically to relax facial muscles in the face which cause wrinkles around the eyes (crow’s feet) and forehead or frown wrinkles between the eyes and across the upper forehead.  When the muscles are paralyzed by this toxin the wrinkles disappear temporarily.

The product is administered via injections with a very thin needle into the muscles of the face around the eyes, between the eyes and the forehead frown muscles. The injections do not usually require use of an anesthetic.  Results are noticeable between 4-14 days with outcome visible at 14 days. Treatment must be repeated in 3-5 months and is dose-dependent.

Contraindications to the use of Botox are known allergic reaction, difficulty swallowing or difficulty breathing, pre-existing cardiovascular conditions, pre-existing neuromuscular conditions ( i.e. Multiple sclerosis) and infection at injection site.

Adverse Reactions. Adverse reactions usually occur within the first week and may include inflammation, tenderness, redness, bruising or pain at injection site, facial weakness or eyelid ptosis all of which disappear spontaneously over time.

Benefits: The benefits of Botox use include and improved aesthetic appearance due to disappearance of facial wrinkles and lines.